Table of contents
Contents
INTRODUCTION 1
The nature and purpose of bibliography, p. 1
The main periods of book production, p. 2
BOOK PRODUCTION:
THE HAND-PRESS PERIOD 1500-1800
The Hand-printed Book 5
Printing Type 9
Manufacture, p. 9
Type-sizes; and description, p. 12
Type faces, p. 16
Gothic type, p. 17
Roman and italic type, p. 20
Greek type, p. 30
Founts, cases, and type-stock, p. 33
Composition 40
Copy, p. 40
Setting type, p. 43
Page and galley, p. 49
Signatures, p. 51
Preliminaries, pagination, catchwords, etc., p. 52
Distribution, p. 53
Output, p. 54
Paper 57
Manufacture, p. 57
Paper in English printing, p. 60
Moulds and watermarks, p. 60
Sorts of paper: quality, weight, and size, p. 66
Tables of sizes, p. 72
Description, p. 76
Imposition 78
Formes, p. 78
Format, p. 80
Identification of format, p. 84
Imposition in practice, p. 108
Stripping, and skeletons, p. 109
Proofs and correction, p. 110
Standing type, p. 116
Presswork 118
The wooden hand-press, p. 118
Preparing the paper, p. 124
Ink, p. 125
Making ready, p. 126
Pulling and beating, p. 129
Printing the reiteration, p. 131
Press figures, p. 133
Cancels, etc., p. 134
Special paper, p. 136
Two colours; and music, p. 137
Output, p. 139
The Warehouse
Paper stock, p. 142
Drying the paper, p. 143
Gathering the books, p. 143
Binding
The binding trade, p. 146
Binding technique, p. 147
Trade binding styles, p. 149
Decoration and Illustration
Printed pictures, p. 154
Relief blocks, p. 154
Intaglio plates, p. 156
Patterns of Production
Variation of demand, p. 160
Edition quantities, p. 160
Productive capacity, p. 163
Concurrent production, p. 164
Standards, p. 168
The English Book Trade to 1800 171
Europe and England, p. 171
Printing personnel, p. 171
Gild and chapel, p. 174
Scale and finance; book prices, p. 175
Publishing and bookselling, p. 179
Authorship, copyright, and censorship, p. 183
BOOK PRODUCTION:
THE MACHINE-PRESS PERIOD 1800-1950
Introduction 189
Survival and Change 191
The early-nineteenth-century book house, p. 191
Composition, p. 191
Imposition, p. 196
Iron hand-presses, p. 198
Plates 201
Stereotype, p. 201
Electrotype, p. 206
Type 1800-1875 207
Manufacture and trade, p. 207
Design, p. 209
Paper in the Machine-press Period 214
Hand-made paper after 1800, p. 214
Paper-making machinery, p. 216
Machine-made papers, p. 221
The nineteenth-century paper industry, p. 228
Edition Binding
Introduction, p. 231
New procedures, p. 232
Binding machinery, p. 235
Publishers' cloth in Britain and America, p. 238
Other styles of publishers' binding, p. 247
The twentieth century, p. 249
Printing Machines
Beginnings, p. 251
Machines for book printing, p. 253
Machine operation, p. 258
Colour printing, p. 261
Other printing machines, p. 262
Processes of Reproduction
Engravings, p. 266
Lithography, p. 267
Photographic processes, p. 269
Identification, p. 272
Mechanical Composition, and Type 1875-1950
Cold-metal machines, p. 274
Hot-metal machines, p. 276
Type since 1875, p. 283
Printing Practice in the Machine-press Period
Personnel, p. 289
Production routines, p. 292
The Book Trade in Britain and America since 1800
The structure of the trade, p. 297
Forms in nineteenth-century publishing, p. 300
Edition quantities and prices, p. 304
Copyright, national and international, p. 307
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPLICATIONS
Identification
Edition, impression, issue, and state, p. 313
Assessing the evidence, p. 316
Facsimiles, p. 320
Bibliographical Description
Purpose and scope, p. 321
Transcription and reproduction, p. 322
Formula, p. 328
Technical notes, p. 333
Contents, p. 335
Other notes, p. 335
Textual Bibliography
Textual criticism and bibliography, p. 336
Copy-text, p. 338
The transmission of the text, p. 343
1. Composition, p. 343
2. Proof-correction, p. 351
3. Later stages of production, p. 354
The treatment of accidentals, p. 358
APPENDIXES
A. A Note on Elizabethan Handwriting by R. B. MCKERROW 361
B. Four Specimen Bibliographical Descriptions 368
C. The Transmission of the Text: Two Examples 381
1. Compositor B and The merchant of Venice, p. 38.
2. The textual history of David Copperfield, p. 384
REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY 392
I. General 392
II. Periodicals 393
III. Book Production: The Hand-press Period 393
1. Hand-printing technology, p. 393
a. General, p. 393
b. Composition, imposition, correction, p. 394
c. Presswork, p. 395
d. Patterns of production, p. 396
2. Type, p. 396
3. Paper, p. 397
4. Binding, p. 398
5. Decoration and illustration, p. 399
6. The Book Trade to 1800, p. 399
a. General, p. 399
b. Personnel, p. 400
c. Business organization, p. 401
d. Publishing and bookselling, p. 401
e. Authorship, copyright, and censorship, p. 402
IV. Book Production: The Machine-press Period 402
1. General, p. 402
2. Survival and change, p. 403
a. Hand composition, p. 403
b. Iron hand-presses, p. 403
3. Plates, p. 404
4. Type, p. 404
a. 1800-1875, p. 404
b. Since 1875, p. 405
5. Paper, p. 405
6. Binding, p. 406
7. Printing machines, p. 407
8. Processes of reproduction, p. 408
9. Mechanical composition, p. 408
10. Printing-house organization, p. 409
11. The book trade in Britain and America since 1800, p.41O
V. Bibliographical applications 4
1. General, p. 411
2. Identification and description, p. 412
3. Textual bibliography, p. 413
INDEX 414
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